The origins of modern structural biology date back to the 1910s, when the German physicist Max von Laue discovered that biological crystal samples irradiated with X-rays produced diffraction patterns ...

Proteins are made of amino acid chains, or polypeptides. Amino acids have a basic backbone made of an amino group and a carboxyl group, and differ in their side-chains. These polypeptide chains of ...

Membrane proteins are key components of living cells. They constitute one-third of the ORFs of virtually all genomes, perform crucial roles, and are targeted by a huge number of drugs. When present in ...