Observations at the nanoscale can provide profound insights into materials science. Yet, the characterization of beam-sensitive and reactive materials has proven challenging. In order to address this ...

Flash sintering is a novel field assisted sintering technique, whereby ceramics can be sintered in just a few seconds. For example, 3 mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (3YSZ) was shown to sinter in 5 ...

The number of electrons in the element's outer shell hugely influences reactivity. If the outer electron shell is full then an additional chemical bond cannot be formed because there is no room. Inert ...