Optical quantum computers are gaining attention as a next-generation computing technology with high speed and scalability. However, accurately characterizing complex optical processes, where multiple ...

Reliably quantifying and characterizing the quantum states of various systems is highly advantageous for both quantum physics research and the development of quantum technologies. Quantifying these ...

Quantum state tomography (QST) and quantum process tomography (QPT) are indispensable tools for the characterisation, validation and benchmarking of quantum hardware. Traditional approaches rely on ...