The climate is getting warmer, and sea levels are rising -- a threat to island nations. As a group of researchers found out, at the same time, tiny single-cell organisms are spreading rapidly through ...

Mussels protect themselves against environmental disturbances and enemies through a hard, calcareous shell. Increased ocean acidification makes it difficult for organisms to form their shells.

THE shell in the Lamellibranchia consists of a number of distinct layers which show a fundamental similarity in structure in related regions of valve and ligament 1. In Anodonta, all parts of the ...

The pholad, Penitella conradi, is found along the California coast in the calcareous shell of the abalone, Haliotis rufescens. These pholads penetrate the abalone shell, and when they break through ...

Mussels are popular seafood in northern Germany. Mussels in their blue-black shells, are found in tidal regions of the coastal zones. Like many creatures in the oceans, which protect themselves with a ...

Shells protect themselves against environmental influences and enemies through a hard calcareous shell. Increased acidification makes it increasingly difficult for organisms to form their husks. A ...