Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) has evolved into a central technique in nanotechnology, providing three-dimensional imaging and precise measurements at the atomic scale. Its ability to probe surfaces by ...

What Is Atomic Force Microscopy? Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique that enables surface ultrastructure visualization at molecular resolution. 1 Besides three-dimensional (3D) ...

Invented 30 years ago, the atomic force microscope has been a major driver of nanotechnology, ranging from atomic-scale imaging to its latest applications in manipulating individual molecules, ...

AFM differs significantly from traditional microscopy techniques as it does not project light or electrons on the sample's surface to create its image. Instead, AFM utilizes a sharp probe while ...

First invented in 1985 by IBM in Zurich, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a scanning probe technique for imaging. It involves a nanoscopic tip attached to a microscopic, flexible cantilever, which is ...

A major advantage of atomic force microscopes (AFMs) is their versatility in integrating various operational modes that assess different material properties and functionalities. Among the most ...

At its core, SPM operates on the principle of measuring interactions between a sharp probe and the surface of a material. As the probe scans across the surface, it detects variations in physical ...

Overview of the main types of Scannig Probe Microscope types: Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) – using the tunneling current I between the outermost atom of a conducting probe within an atomic ...